Endocrine Abstracts

Introduction: Prembrolizumab, a programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) inhibitor, is one of the immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) that have revolutionized cancer therapy. However, ICIs can also trigger immune-related adverse events (irAEs) in different organ systems, including endocrine glands. While thyroid dysfunction is among the most common endocrinopathies reported, ICI-induced diabetes mellitus (DM) is extremely rare, with an overall incidence ranging from 0.9 to 2%.</p...

Cushing’s syndrome (CS) is associated with a considerable risk of complications including thromboembolic events (TE). They occur mostly within the first 2–3 months postoperatively. When present before surgery, CS has high rates of perioperative mortality and morbidity. The benefit of steroidogenesis inhibitors after TE is not fully known. Furthermore, little guidance is available regarding TE assessment/management in CS. We report a case of a 34-year-old male admitte...

False elevation of estradiol(E2) due to immunoassay interference is a rare but important phenomenon reported in the literature. It is most commonly related to cross-reactivity(CR) from drugs sharing structural similarity with E2, namely fulvestrant and exemestane. These laboratory interferences(LI) can lead to unnecessary investigation/inappropriate treatments. Therefore, in such instances, a more selective and sensitive method is required. We present the case of a young femal...

Estrogen-producing adrenal gland tumors (EPAGT) are extremely rare, accounting for only 1–2% of all adrenal tumors. They are most commonly observed in men or in children, and are unusual in women. They are almost always malignant even if they seem benign at presentation, and most of them have a poor prognosis. We present a case of a 71-year-old man with painful bilateral gynecomastia, without galactorrhea, over 4 months. Markedly elevated plasma estradiol levels were foun...

Introduction: Cushing’s syndrome (CS) is a rare disease resulting from prolonged exposure to supraphysiological levels of glucocorticoids. Cushing’s Disease is the most frequent cause of endogenous CS. This disease has a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations and is associated with an increased morbi-mortality. Diabetes Mellitus (DM) and hypokalemic alkalosis affects up to 50 and 10% of CS patients respectively. Disease onset and severity reflects the magnitude of...

Functional hypogonadism has been described in association with acute severe medical or surgical illness, subacute recovery and chronic disease. We present a case of transitory hypogonadism manifested during a peri-surgical period. A 42-year-old patient was sent to the endocrinology clinic due to hypertension and a solitary adrenal mass. He was treated with bisoprolol and telmisartan, that he maintains until today. The evaluation favoured non-functional adenoma but during the f...

Background: Management of obesity and overweight greatly improves glycemic control in type 2 diabetic (T2DM) patients and also provides positive impact in other cardiovascular risk factors in this population.Objectives: Evaluate the impact of weight and weight variability in subclinical inflammation and comorbidities of T2DM patients, over the last decade.Methods: Retrospective study of 1900 patients with T2DM, with a minimum of 2 ...

Introduction: The ‘Atypia of Undetermined Significance/Follicular lesion of Undetermined Significance’ (AUS/FLUS) category of the Bethesda Classification for thyroid nodules fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is reserved for specimens that contain cells with architectural and/or nuclear atypia that is not sufficient to be classified as suspicious or malignant. Our objective is to report our experience in the follow-up and outcome of patients with AUS/FLUS in thyr...

Introduction: Increasing incidence of thyroid cancer might be a consequence of an increase detection of subclinical disease. The aim of this study was to compare the clinical and pathologic characteristics of nonincidentally discovered (NID) thyroid cancer with incidentally discovered (ID) on postoperative pathology.Methods: A retrospective medical record review of 104 patients with thyroid cancer was performed. A group I of 69 patients with NID thyroid ...

IntroductionTurner syndrome(TS) is characterized by complete/partial monosomy or by a structural defect in one of X chromosomes. Despite clinical hallmarks of short stature(SS) and gonadal dysgenesis(GD), phenotype is variable and related to underlying chromosomal pattern. Loss of the distal segment of the short arm of x-chromosome(Xp-), including haploinsufficiency of short stature homeobox-containing (SHOX) gene, is thought to be the main factor for gr...